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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy or proxy server, a software that acts to act as an intermediary for client and server over the internet. Without proxy servers, users can send a request directly to a server, and the server would provide the requested resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to understand and use, the addition of proxies can bring benefits such as enhanced performance, privacy, security, and many more. As a further layer of pass-through, the proxy serves as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking, the combined system of server hardware with the installed proxy software is often referred to as a proxy server. This article will concentrate on proxies which are generally thought of to be software, and specifically, in relation to web servers. The article will offer details of two types, namely one being a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use case, often confused due to the overlapping terminology.




This article will give you the knowledge of what proxies are and which subtypes they belong to and how they work in various configurations. In this article, you'll be able to identify situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous, and select the best option between forward and reverse proxy for any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy often referred to an open proxy, is a means of intermediary for a client trying to send a request over the internet to a source server. In this case, the entire process of sending requests by the user is instead made via the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in place as the customer, is able to take a look into the request. In the beginning, it will determine if the client is able to accept requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then reject requests or redirect them to the server that originated it. The client isn't allowed direct access to the internet. It is only able to access what the forward proxy permits it to access.




A common use case of forward proxy is to achieve greater privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet using the user and it can use an alternative IP address in addition to the client's original IP address.




Based on how it's been set up according to the configuration forward proxy can offer a range of features and let you:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the geolocation of your home.




Forward proxies also are used in systems that rely on central security and access based on permissions, like in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet flows through an open forward proxy layer administrators can allow access to only a few people to connect on the internet, which is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls for the client layer which could be used by multiple computers with different configurations and environments, a firewall can be installed at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




It is important to remember that forward proxies must be configured manually and reverse proxies can be ignored by the client. Depending on the type IP address a client is sent to the server from where it was received via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity could be granted or not.




There are several options to think about forward proxy options:




Apache A popular open-source, well-known web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for hosting websites with forward proxy features.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete webserver system. You can refer to our step-by-step guide on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which allows it to be more appropriate for situations like peer-topeer traffic. It is also possible to look into how to setup the Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary to a web server, handling any requests that come in from customers on its behalf. This web server can serve as a single server or a number of servers. Furthermore, it could be used in the role of an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any case, a request would come from the Internet at large. Most often the request will be sent directly to the server with what the client is seeking. However, reverse proxy serves as an intermediary shielding the web server from direct communication to the open internet.




From the consumer's point perspective, the experience of working with reverse proxy isn't a lot different from working with the server by itself. It's exactly the same thing, however clients aren't able discern the difference. The client is able to make a request for the resource and it is then provided with it, with no additional configuration needed on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy providers offer features such as:




Centralized security for the web server layer.


Incoming traffic is directed based upon rules you set.


The caching function is now available to users.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxies, reverse proxies provide this service to the web server layer but not to the client layer. instead of having to maintain firewalls on Web server layers which may comprise multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security could be directed towards reverse proxy layers. In addition, removing the hassle of dealing with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from customers outside of web servers permits them to concentrate on meeting the requirements of their customers.




If there are multiple servers running as a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also is responsible for directing the flow of requests to each server. There may be several web servers offering the same service, each offering various kinds of resources or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol to function as a traditional web server. But, they may also be using application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy to direct users to a particular server based on the service they require or to follow certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to benefit from their positioning prior to web servers by providing the ability to cache data. Massive static resources can be configured with caching rules to ensure that they avoid Web servers from being hit on every request. Certain software solutions let you provide static files directly by not connecting with the website server. Additionally the reverse proxy can be able to handle compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server is also an effective reverse proxy option. Although Nginx, the Apache web server with a reverse proxy, it is an additional option to Apache and Nginx was designed originally for and is specifically focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



The distinction between Forward and Reverse Proxy Use The Case



Since "forward" and "reverse" have associations with directionality, and false connections with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxies can handle requests as well as responses. An alternative method to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to study the requirements of the app that you are creating.




A reverse proxy is beneficial when designing a solution to serve websites on the internet. They act as your web server for all interactions over the internet.




Forward proxy is useful when it is displayed before customers for your personal use or within the corporate setting. They are a representation of the customer's data every time you use the internet.




The ability to differentiate by the use of case instead of focusing solely on standard naming conventions can assist you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the meaning of a proxy that has two types: forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical use cases as well as an examination of the most useful features were used to define the two kinds of proxy that are reverse and forward. If you're looking to know more about the advantages of proxies, then we recommend that you go through our guide on how you can install Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy on Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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